Geospatial technology is a term used to describe the range of modern tools contributing to the geographic mapping and analysis of the Earth and human societies. These technologies have been evolving in some form since the first maps were drawn in prehistoric times.
In the 19th century, the long significant schools of map-making and mapmaking were joined by ethereal photography as early cameras were sent overtop on inflatables and pigeons, and afterward on planes during the twentieth century. The science and specialty of visual understanding and guide making was sped up during the Second World War and during the Cold War it took on new measurements with the appearance of satellites and PCs. Satellites permitted pictures of the Earth's surface and human exercises in that with specific impediments. PCs permitted capacity and move of symbolism along with the advancement of related computerized programming, guides, and informational collections on financial and ecological wonders aggregately called geographic data frameworks (GIS).
A significant part of a GIS is its capacity to collect the scope of geospatial information into a layered arrangement of guides which permit complex subjects to be examined and afterward conveyed to more extensive crowds. This 'layering' is empowered by the way that all such information remembers data for its exact area on the outer layer of the Earth, henceforth the term 'geospatial'.
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| G.I.S for power sector |
Particularly somewhat recently, these advances have developed into an organization of public safety, logical, and financially worked satellites supplemented by amazing work area GIS. Also, airborne remote detecting stages, including automated elevated vehicles (for example the Global Hawk observation drone), are seeing expanded non-military use too. Top-notch equipment and information are presently accessible to new crowds like colleges, partnerships, and non-legislative associations. The fields and areas conveying these advances are at present developing at a fast speed, illuminating leaders on points like modern designing, biodiversity preservation, woodland fire concealment, rural checking, helpful alleviation, and considerably more.
There is currently an assortment of sorts of geospatial innovations conceivably pertinent to basic liberties, including the accompanying:
Remote Sensing: symbolism and information gathered from the space-or airborne camera and sensor stages. Some business satellite picture suppliers presently offer pictures showing subtleties of one meter or more modest, making these pictures suitable for checking compassionate necessities and denials of basic freedoms.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS): a set-up of programming apparatuses for planning and dissecting information that is georeferenced (allotted a particular area on the outer layer of the Earth, also called geospatial information). GIS can be utilized to identify geographic examples in different information, for example, illness bunches coming about because of poisons, problematic water access, and so on
Global Positioning System (GPS): an organization of U.S. Division of Defense satellites which can give exact facilitate areas to regular citizen and military clients with appropriate getting hardware (note: a comparative European framework called Galileo will be functional inside the following quite a while a Russian framework is working yet confined).
Internet Mapping Technologies: programming programs like Google Earth and web highlights like Microsoft Virtual Earth are changing the way geospatial information is seen and shared. The improvements in UI are additionally making such advancements accessible to a more extensive crowd though customary GIS has been saved for subject matter experts and the people who put the time into learning complex programming programs.
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| Geospatial Technology |
What is the Water Cycle?
The water cycle is an important Biogeochemical Cycle involved in the flow or circulation of water through different levels of the ecosystem. The water cycle is defined as a natural process of constantly recycling the water in the atmosphere. It is also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle.
During the process of the water cycle between the earth and the atmosphere, water changes into three states of matter – solid, liquid and gas.
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| WATER CYCLE |
Stages of Water Cycle
The complete water cycle is carried into four stages which are as follows: Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation and Collection.
Evaporation
This is the initial stage of the water cycle.
The process by which water from its liquid state changes to vapour, a gaseous state, is termed evaporation. During the water cycle, water in the water bodies gets heated up and evaporates in the form of vapour, mixes with the air and disappears.
Condensation
When the evaporated water vapour loses its thermal energy, it becomes liquid through the process of condensation. The formation of clouds is an example of condensation.
Precipitation
Rain, snow, sleet, or hail are all examples of Precipitation. After the condensation, atmospheric water vapour forms sufficiently large water droplets and falls back to the earth with the help of gravity.
Deposition or Collection
This is the final stage of the water cycle. Deposition occurs when evaporated water vapour falls back to earth as precipitation. This water may fall back into the different water bodies, including oceans, rivers, ponds, lakes and even end up on the land, which in turn becomes a part of the groundwater.
GIS for hydrologic and hydraulic modeling:-
Hydrology
Hydrology is the study of rainfall and water, especially its movement, in relation to land. It represents the quantity of water (runoff) generated from a specific area or watershed. It deals with the circulation of water through the hydrologic cycle and the quantification of flows that are produced by rainfall. Inland development, hydrology typically refers to the rate of precipitation, the quantity of water, rate of surface runoff, and timing of its arrival at a point of interest (the project site).
Hydraulics
Hydraulics is concerned with the conveyance of water through pipes and channels (stream, river, lake, ocean). Inland development, hydraulic analysis is used after the hydrology reporting process in order to design stormwater conveyance networks, calculate the depth of flow in pipes, and determine open channel flow in ditches and swales. This is often referred to as “stormwater management design.”
The hydrologic analysis determined the streamflow for the 2-year through 100-year storm events. A hydraulic analysis of the stream channel and culverts was conducted using the HEC-RAS River Analysis Software. The hydraulic analysis determined in-stream flow capacity and locations of out-of-bank flows and depths.
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| GIS for hydrologic and hydraulic modeling |
Introduction of Geospatial Technology
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